The nation's most comprehensive, up-to-date database tracking Education Savings Account (ESA) programs across the United States.
Hover over any state to see its ESA program details. Green states have universal programs, blue states have targeted programs, and gray states have no ESA program.
The ESA policy landscape is undergoing rapid transformation. Just a few years ago, no state had a universal school choice program. Today, 13 states have universal or near-universal ESAs, representing one of the most significant structural changes to public education funding in a generation.
Data Challenge: State reporting varies widely in quality and frequency, creating an information vacuum often filled by competing advocacy narratives. This tracker provides a common, verifiable factual foundation by anchoring data in official state reports and cross-verifying with independent analysis.
| State | Program Type | Enrollment | Avg Award | Switcher Rate | Admin Agency | Launched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | Universal | $8,000 | 31% | Florida Department of Education / Sch... | 2019 | |
| Texas | Universal | (proj.) | $10,800 | 5% | Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts | 2026 |
| Arizona | Universal | 92,362 | $10,349 | 57% | Arizona Department of Education | 2011 |
| Iowa | Universal | $7,826 | 70% | Iowa Department of Education | 2023 | |
| Tennessee | Universal | $8,500 | 35% | Tennessee Department of Education | 2025 | |
| West Virginia | Universal | 19,000 | $4,921 | 100% | West Virginia Hope Scholarship Board ... | 2022 |
| Alabama | Universal (Phased) | Varies | 16% | Alabama Department of Revenue (ALDOR) | 2025 | |
| Utah | Universal (Phased) | $8,000 | N/A | Utah State Board of Education / Third... | 2024 | |
| Arkansas | Universal (Phased) | 14,256 | $6,856 | 12% | Arkansas Department of Education (Off... | 2023 |
| New Hampshire | Universal | $5,204 | 45% | New Hampshire Department of Education... | 2021 | |
| South Carolina | Income-Limited | $7,500 | N/A | South Carolina Department of Educatio... | 2024 | |
| Georgia | Geographic | $6,500 | N/A | Georgia Education Savings Authority (... | 2025 | |
| Louisiana | Universal (Phased) | $9,533 | 25% | Louisiana Department of Education (LD... | 2025 | |
| North Carolina | Special Education | $11,846 | 100% | North Carolina State Education Assist... | 2017 | |
| Indiana | Special Education | $11,601 | 75% | Office of the Indiana Treasurer of State | 2022 | |
| Mississippi | Special Education | 345 | $7,829 | 100% | Mississippi Department of Education (... | 2015 |
| Montana | Special Education | Varies | 100% | Montana Office of Public Instruction ... | 2024 | |
| Wyoming | Universal | Not Launched | $7,000 | N/A | Wyoming Department of Education | 2025 |
| Ohio | Targeted (Income, District) | N/A | $1,000 | N/A | Ohio Department of Education and Work... | 2021 |
| Oklahoma | Universal (Tax Credit) | N/A | $6,500 | N/A | Oklahoma Tax Commission | 2024 |
Note: Enrollment figures represent most recent available data. "(proj.)" indicates projected enrollment. Texas and Wyoming programs not yet operational. See individual state pages for detailed historical trends.
Open to all or nearly all K-12 students regardless of income, disability, or prior school enrollment
Limited to specific populations: special education, income-based, or geographic eligibility
An Education Savings Account (ESA) is a government-funded account that allows parents to use public education funds for approved educational expenses beyond traditional public schools. Parents can use ESA funds for private school tuition, homeschooling costs, tutoring, educational therapies, curriculum, and online learning programs. ESAs provide greater flexibility than traditional school vouchers, which are typically limited to private school tuition only.
As of 2025, 18 states have established Education Savings Account programs, operating a total of 21 distinct ESA programs (some states run multiple programs).
States with universal or near-universal programs include: Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming.
Florida operates the largest ESA ecosystem by enrollment, serving over 500,000 students across multiple programs (FES-EO, FES-UA, FTC, and PEP).
Arizona has the nation's first and most mature universal ESA program (launched 2011, expanded to universal eligibility in 2022), serving approximately 92,000+ students as of September 2025.
The "switcher rate" is the percentage of new ESA participants who previously attended public schools. This metric is critical for understanding fiscal impact:
Example data: Arizona's switcher rate reached 57% in FY2025, while Florida's is approximately 31%, and Alabama's first-year rate was 16%.
ESA program costs vary dramatically by state and program design:
Average award amounts typically range from $7,000-$11,000 per student for general education, with significantly higher amounts ($10,000-$40,000+) for students with special needs.
All baseline data originates from official state agencies (Departments of Education, Revenue, or Treasurer offices) via quarterly or annual reports, legislative documents, and official program websites.
We incorporate analysis from non-partisan research organizations (e.g., Common Sense Institute), think tanks across the political spectrum, and academic institutions to provide context and fill data gaps (particularly demographics).
When sources conflict, we present both analyses side-by-side with clear attribution and explanation of methodological differences, empowering users to understand the full context.
Empowerment Scholarship Accounts (ESA)
Family Empowerment Scholarship Programs (FES-EO, FES-UA)
Creating Hope and Opportunity for Our Students' Education (CHOOSE) Act
Education Freedom Scholarship Act (+ IEA Program, ESA Pilot Program)
Hope Scholarship Program
Students First Education Savings Account Program
Utah Fits All Scholarship Program
Arkansas Children's Educational Freedom Account Program
Education Freedom Accounts (EFA)
Personal Education Student Accounts for Children with Disabilities (ESA+)
Steamboat Legacy Scholarship Program
Education Scholarship Trust Fund (ESTF)
Education Scholarship Account Program (INESA)
Equal Opportunity for Students with Special Needs Program
Special Needs Equal Opportunity Education Savings Account Program
Louisiana Giving All True Opportunity to Rise (LA GATOR) Scholarship
Georgia Promise Scholarship
Texas Education Freedom Accounts (TEFA)
Afterschool Child Enrichment (ACE) Program
Parental Choice Tax Credit Act